Chinese wood carving art has a long history. It has been widely used in furniture production since the Shang Dynasty. The mahogany furniture in the Ming and Qing dynasties pushed the wood carving technology to the peak, and wood carving has become an important means of furniture decoration. Basic carving techniques include relief carving, engraving, round carving, inlay carving, through carving, hollow double-sided carving, etc.
relief. Relief, also known as "plane sculpture", is a kind of convex expression on the plane, which can be divided into deep relief and shallow relief. Deep reliefs are generally used in the upper and door of some cabinets, the front and sides of tables, the back of chairs, the head of beds and the three-dimensional parts of couch. Light reliefs are commonly used in mahogany furniture.
There are three basic forms of sculpture: round sculpture, relief sculpture and openwork sculpture.
circular engravure. The so-called round sculpture refers to the three-dimensional sculpture that is non compressed and can be appreciated from multiple directions and angles. There are also various techniques and forms, including realistic and decorative ones, concrete and abstract ones, indoor and outdoor ones, on shelves and large city sculptures, colored and non colored ones, etc; The contents and themes of the sculptures are also rich and colorful, which can be characters, animals or even still life; The materials are more colorful, including stone, wood, metal, clay, textile, paper, plants, rubber, etc.
As one of the modeling techniques of sculpture, sculpture has a wide range of applications and is also a common form of sculpture for ordinary people. This book will focus on the sculpture techniques of figure sculpture.
relief. The so-called relief is the product of the combination of sculpture and painting. It deals with objects in a compressed way, and displays three-dimensional space by perspective and other factors, and only for one or two sides to see. The reliefs are usually attached to another plane, so they are used more in architecture and can be seen on utensils and implements. Due to its compression characteristics, it occupies less space, so it is suitable for decoration in a variety of environments. In recent years, it has played an increasingly important role in urban beautification. The relief is as rich and colorful as the round sculpture in content, form and material.
The grotto sculptures in ancient China can be summed up as shrine sculptures. According to the different modeling techniques, they can be divided into realism, decoration and abstraction;
High relief refers to a form of small compression, large undulation, close to round sculpture, or even half round sculpture. This kind of relief has a strong contrast between light and shade, and its visual effect is outstanding;
The bas reliefs have large compression and small undulation, which not only maintain an architectural flatness, but also have a certain sense of volume and undulation;
Line carving is the combination of painting and sculpture. It is produced by light and shadow, and uses light instead of pen. There are even some subtle fluctuations, giving people a kind of elegant and implicit feeling;
Carving. The relief with the base plate removed is called openwork. Remove the base plate of the so-called relief to create a changeable negative space, and make the contour of negative space and positive space have a rhythm of mutual conversion. This technique was often used on doors, windows, railings and furniture in the past, some of which can be viewed from both sides.
In addition to the above two forms, sculpture can also be roughly divided into commemorative sculpture, thematic sculpture, decorative sculpture, functional sculpture and exhibition sculpture according to its functions.
As the name implies, thematic sculpture is the theme description of a specific place, environment, and architecture. It must be organically combined with these environments, and point out the theme, or even sublimate the theme, so that the audience can clearly feel the characteristics of this environment. It can have the meaning of commemoration, education, beautification and explanation. Thematic sculptures reveal the theme of urban architecture and architectural environment. In Dunhuang County, there is a landmark sculpture "Rebound Pipa", which is based on the Dunhuang mural "Rebound Pipa, Jiyue and Flying Statue". It shows the unique charm and charm of the ancient "Silk Road", and also shows that the city has the characteristics of the world-famous Mogao Grottoes. This kind of sculpture closely follows the environment and history of the city, and can see the life experience, spirit, personality and pursuit of a city.
Decorative sculpture is a relatively large type of urban sculpture. This kind of sculpture is relatively easy, cheerful, and brings people the enjoyment of beauty. It is also called sculpture sketch. It is proposed here as a category because it is becoming more and more important in people's lives. Its main purpose is to beautify your living space. It can range from a living appliance to street sculpture. The content is extremely wide, and the form of expression is also colorful. It creates a comfortable and beautiful environment, which can purify people's hearts, cultivate people's sentiments, and cultivate people's pursuit of beautiful things. Most of the garden sketches we usually talk about are sculptures of this kind.
Functional sculpture is a kind of practical sculpture, which combines art with use. This kind of sculpture is ubiquitous from your private space such as "lamp stand" to public space such as "playground". It not only beautifies the environment, but also enriches our environment, enlightens our thinking, and enables us to truly feel beauty in the details of life. The primary purpose of functional sculpture is to be practical, such as the dustbin in the park, large children's playthings, etc. The display sculpture is also called the sculpture on the shelf, so it can be seen that the size is generally small. It can also be divided into indoor and outdoor, but it is an experimental object that takes sculpture as the main body to fully express the author's own ideas and feelings, style and personality, and even some new theories and ideas. Its form and technique are more dazzling, its content and subject matter are more extensive, and its material application is more modern. However, it provides creative space for talented artists and guarantees one of the main art forms of human beings?? Sculpture will have a bright future.
