Hainan Sculpture  

What is sculpture

Sculpture is a kind of plastic art, a visual art of three-dimensional space image made by material materials and means. Sculpture was originally created in stone, metal, wood, ceramics and other materials by means of sculpture (modeling by subtracting materials) and sculpture (modeling by superimposing materials). However, modernist sculpture has a high degree of freedom in materials and creation techniques, and can be created in various materials by means of sculpture, welding, molding or casting.

Now we can look at the classification of sculptures from three perspectives

According to the basic form, it includes round sculpture, relief sculpture and openwork sculpture.

Sculpture: refers to non compressed three-dimensional sculpture that can be viewed from multiple directions and angles

Relief is the product of the combination of sculpture and painting. It deals with objects in a compressed way, and displays three-dimensional space by perspective and other factors. It is only for one side or two sides to see. The reliefs are usually attached to another plane, so they are used more in architecture and can be seen on utensils and implements. Due to its compression characteristics, it occupies less space, so it is suitable for decoration in a variety of environments. In recent years, it has played an increasingly important role in urban beautification. The relief is as rich and colorful as the round sculpture in content, form and material.

It includes high relief, low relief and line carving. High relief: refers to a form of small compression, large undulation, close to round sculpture, or even semi round sculpture. This kind of relief has strong contrast between light and shade, and outstanding visual effect; Shallow relief: large compression, small fluctuation, it not only maintains an architectural flatness, but also has a certain sense of volume and fluctuation; Line engraving: It is the combination of painting and sculpture. It is produced by light and shadow, and uses light instead of pen. There are even some subtle undulations that give people an elegant and implicit feeling.

Carving: relief with the base plate removed is called carving (hollow carving). Remove the base plate of the so-called relief to create a changeable negative space, and make the contour of negative space and positive space have a rhythm of mutual conversion. This technique used to be used on doors, windows, railings and furniture. Some can be viewed from both sides

Sculpture - Carving a three-dimensional image on a three-dimensional object that is not attached to any background and can be viewed from various angles.  

Relief - to carve a convex image on a plane. Depending on the thickness of the surface projection, it is high relief and low relief

Carving - Carving out the image of its background on the basis of relief.

According to the artistic language form of sculpture, it can be divided into two categories: representation and abstraction

By function

Commemorative sculpture - sculpture with the theme of commemorating important events and people who have played an important role in history, can also be a permanent memorial of a common concept.

Thematic sculpture - as its name implies, it is the theme description of a specific place, environment, and architecture. It must be organically combined with these environments, and point out the theme, or even sublimate the theme, so that the audience can clearly feel the characteristics of this environment. It can have the meaning of commemoration, education, beautification, explanation, etc

Public sculpture - sculpture that beautifies and decorates the environment established in the public environment space.

On shelf sculpture exhibition, exhibition sculpture - such as portrait sculpture, thematic sculpture, etc., exhibition sculpture is also called on shelf sculpture, so it can be seen that the size is generally small. It can also be divided into indoor and outdoor, but it is an experimental object that takes sculpture as the main body to fully express the author's own ideas and feelings, style and personality, and even some new theories and ideas. Its form and technique are more dazzling, its content and subject matter are more extensive, and its material application is more modern. However, it has provided creative space for talented artists and ensured that sculpture, one of the most important art forms of mankind, will have a bright future.

Architectural Decorative Sculpture - Sculpture attached to architecture for the purpose of decoration.

Practical sculpture, functional sculpture - sculpture made for practical purposes, such as large toy sculpture, advertising sculpture, logo sculpture, etc. in the playground, is a kind of practical sculpture, an art combining art and use functions. This kind of sculpture is also ubiquitous from your private space, such as "lamp seat", to public space, such as "playground".

Garden sculpture - sculpture to beautify the garden.

Interior Decoration Sculptures - Sculptures that decorate interior walls, ceilings, doors, windows, furniture, etc.

Desk sculpture (also called small ornamental sculpture) is a small sculpture made of pottery, porcelain, clay, wood, stone, silk, bone, shell, fruit stone and other materials for people to enjoy. It is a relatively large type of urban sculpture. This kind of sculpture is relatively relaxed, cheerful, and brings people beautiful enjoyment. It is also called sculpture sketch.

Special craft sculptures - sculptures made of precious materials such as gold, silver, jade, ivory, rhinoceros horn (in order to protect the ecological environment, humans are prohibited from hunting elephants and rhinoceros, and ivory and rhinoceros horn sculptures should disappear in the future), and various gemstones.

Modern sculpture art permeates each other, and its connotation and extension are also expanding. For example, memorial sculpture may also be decorative sculpture and thematic sculpture; Decorative sculpture may also be exhibition sculpture

By material:

There are many kinds of sculpture materials, such as clay, stone, wood, metal, gypsum, resin, ivory, etc. Then several categories were developed: stone carving, wood carving, forged copper, cast copper, stainless steel, fiberglass, glass, ice carving, snow carving, etc.

Sculpture art is an ancient art form, a relatively permanent art, a static, touchable, visible three-dimensional space object, with a more three-dimensional and straightforward expression. It expresses people's pursuit of beauty, belief, culture and history. Its charm lies not only in its unique creative process and skills, but also in the cultural value and historical heritage it represents.

The Influence of Religion on the Development of Sculpture

In the West, mainly in the Middle Ages (also called the middle period), it covers the period from the end of the classical period to the Renaissance. This long period of time was dominated by Christianity, so Christian art was formed.

In the East, there also emerged a religion Buddhism. Buddhism was born in India, and the birth of Buddhism has also driven the development of Buddhist art, especially Buddhist sculpture. As far as Buddhist sculptures are concerned, the achievements of Indians in this field are obvious.

How to appreciate sculptures?

First of all, don't look at sculptures with the eyes of appreciating other arts.

They are both arts and have something in common, but they can not replace each other. Only by appreciating the laws and characteristics of sculpture art can we understand the beauty and rich artistic conception of sculpture art. Sculpture is three-dimensional. You should look at it from all angles and under different lights.

Each side and each change of light constitute an artistic conception and a picture for appreciation. Secondly, theme and inspiration are the starting point of creation, which determines the form and artistic treatment of works. But the most important thing is the author's thoughts and feelings. In order to highlight the theme, the author should exaggerate, simplify and generalize the natural image to strengthen the sense of form. Because appreciating sculptures is to feel and experience the artistic conception of works from the form of works.