Sculpture refers to the ornamental and memorial objects that are carved to beautify the environment or for commemorative purposes, and have certain meanings, symbols or pictographs. Sculpture is a kind of plastic arts. It is also called sculpture, which is the general name of three creation methods: carving, carving and sculpture. It refers to the art of using various plastic materials (such as gypsum, resin, clay, etc.) or hard materials (such as wood, stone, metal, jade, agate, aluminum, glass fiber reinforced plastic, sandstone, copper, etc.) that can be carved or carved to create a visual and touchable artistic image with a certain space to reflect social life and express the artist's aesthetic feelings, emotions, and ideals. The lines can reduce the carved material through carving, while the plastic can achieve the purpose of artistic creation by adding plastic material.

Micro carving is a kind of carving technique that is good at small and fine. Chinese micro sculpture has a long history. Miniature carvings appeared in oracle bone inscriptions as far back as the Shang Dynasty. During the Warring States Period, the seal was as small as millet, but the seal was divided into white and black. Wang Shuyuan's Nuclear Boat Story, which is widely known, is also a classic work of micro sculpture in Chinese history. The art of seal cutting is the basis for the emergence and development of micro carving art. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, many literati and scholars have used iron pen to write and paint in the seal, to express their interest and entertain themselves. After Shoushan Stone became the seal material, the micro carving art of Shoushan Stone began to appear. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Yang Xuan and Diaobin both carved small characters in the remote patterns of Shoushan stone carvings. Lin Qingqing, a master of "Ximen Boyi School" carving, also often wrote his name and date of production in the grass and stone crevices of the carved works with extremely fine pen. Later, some people carved ancient poems with extremely fine characters on the four sides of the square pillars of the seal as margin. In the 1960s, with the application of advanced scientific instruments such as magnifiers in the field of micro sculpture, micro sculpture art became a new and unique art. The words carved in the works are smaller and smaller, and the content is more and more. Microcarvings pay special attention to the selection of materials. The texture of the Hainan EPS component stone is required to be absolutely pure, and there should be no sand grid and half silk cracks, because half of the sand dot may be engraved with more than 10 Chinese characters. Secondly, the micro carving knife is also a special thin knife, which should be sharp and sharp. Third, it is necessary to have a particularly proficient knowledge of calligraphy and traditional Chinese painting. When carving, you can carry out "free engraving". Fourth, hold your breath and concentrate on your thoughts on the spot. Fifth, the knife should be handled steadily, accurately and ruthlessly. Only in this way can calligraphy and knife technique be perfectly unified. The art of micro sculpture is "art in micro". The more subtle it is, the more refined its kungfu is, and the higher its value is. Microcarving is also an art that pays great attention to the picture and organization, which is "intended to be refined". The sculptor of micro sculpture should first have a deep knowledge of calligraphy and painting. Although the micro sculpture is too small to be recognized with the naked eye, it is still very exquisite under the magnifying glass, such as large calligraphy works.

Sculpture art is a kind of plastic arts, also called sculpture, which is the general name of three creation methods of sculpture, carving and sculpture. It refers to the art of using various plastic materials (such as gypsum, resin, clay, etc.) or hard materials (such as wood, stone, metal, jade, agate, etc.) that can be carved or carved to create a visual and touchable artistic image with a certain space to reflect social life and express artists' aesthetic feelings, emotions, and ideals. Guangzhou GRC line It is diverse, so the law of development has different ups and downs. For example, the bronze ware manufacturing and decorative carving in the Yin and Zhou Dynasties in China were unmatched by future generations. The themes of the Han Dynasty's stone reliefs fully reflect the real life at that time. cost performance GRC line The sculptures in the Tang and Song dynasties certainly exceeded those in the Han Dynasty, but the works of the Tang and Song dynasties never fully reflected the reality as the Han Dynasty stone reliefs did. The handicraft industry and commerce of the Ming Dynasty were improved compared with those of the Tang and Song Dynasties, but the sculptures of the Ming Dynasty rarely showed the characteristics of each work as fully as those of the Song Dynasty. Although the sculpture of the Ming Dynasty is not as good as that of the Tang and Song Dynasties, other artistic achievements of the previous dynasties are naturally behind.

It is a three-dimensional plastic art to use certain material materials to produce works of art with solid image. Because the production methods are mainly sculpture and molding, it is called sculpture. According to the production process, sculpture can be divided into two categories: sculpture and sculpture. Subdivision is divided into carving, carving, molding, chiseling, carving, casting and other skills and techniques. According to genre, sculpture can be divided into memorial sculpture, urban garden sculpture, sculpture, tomb sculpture and exhibition sculpture. According to the style, sculptures can also be divided into head portrait, bust portrait, bust portrait, full body portrait, group portrait, etc. According to the technique and form of expression, sculpture can be divided into three categories: round sculpture, relief sculpture and openwork sculpture. Round sculpture, also known as "muddy sculpture", is a three-dimensional sculpture that is not attached to any background and can be viewed from all sides. The round sculpture is characterized by a solid image standing in space. When creating it, one must take into account its sense of volume and weight. When shaping the image, one must also take into account that people watch it from different angles. Relief, also known as "relief", is to carve a convex artistic image on the plane. According to the different degrees of surface relief, relief can be divided into high relief (high and low relief, deep relief) and low relief (low and low relief, shallow relief). The openwork is between the round sculpture and the relief sculpture. On the basis of the relief sculpture, it is made by hollowing out the background, but it does not leave the plane, just like a round sculpture attached to the plane background.

Copper casting is an important part of Chinese traditional culture and art. Copper casting has a long history and mature technology. The process of casting copper is more complicated than that of forging copper, and the artistic creation has a good recovery. Therefore, it is suitable for becoming the material of fine works and is very popular with artists, especially figure sculpture. But it is easy to oxidize, so pay more attention to maintenance. Each cast copper artwork is made through 11 complex and rigorous processes, which include traces of traditional handicrafts, lines and modern technology of precision casting. Cast copper is put into the sintering furnace and sintered at 1000 ℃ - 1150 ℃ according to different metal materials. The copper liquid is immediately cast into the ceramic shell. After cooling, the outer ceramic shell is broken, and the copper product rough embryo is peeled out.

Most of the jades mentioned in daily life refer to nephrite, and there are many kinds of nephrite products. Generally, they refer to white sheepskin jade, white jade, topaz, purple jade, black jade, jasper, sapphire, ruby and northeast Xiuyu produced in Xinjiang. In the jade carving, the white jade with sheepskin is fine in texture and strong in luster, as white as sheepskin, which can be called "the king of nephrite" and "the crown of white jade". In addition, Nanyang jade, Lantian jade, Hotan jade, agate, crystal, coral, turquoise, lapis lazuli, etc., all belong to the category of nephrite. Later, due to the opening of the Silk Road, the jade produced in Hotan, Xinjiang, was unanimously recognized and began to play a leading role in the processing of royal, official and folk jade. Nephrite gradually evolved into a synonym for hotan jade.